What Is an Employment Authorization Document (EAD)?

If you’re living in the United States and need permission to work legally, you’ve likely heard of an Employment Authorization Document. Often called an EAD or “work permit,” this card is essential for many immigrants as it allows them to work legally while navigating the U.S. immigration system. Whether you’re on a visa, seeking asylum, or adjusting your residency status, the Employment Authorization Document might be necessary.

This guide explains what an Employment Authorization Document is, who needs it, how to apply, and why it’s so important.

What Is an Employment Authorization Document?

An Employment Authorization Document is a government-issued card that proves you are allowed to work legally in the United States. It’s issued by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and is usually valid for one year, although some cards may last longer depending on your situation.

Think of the Employment Authorization Document as your official approval to work. Without it, you might not be able to legally take a job unless you have another form of authorization, such as a green card or a work visa.

Who Needs an EAD?

Not everyone needs an EAD, but for many immigrants, it’s essential. Here are the most common scenarios where you might need one:

1. Asylees and Refugees
   If you’ve been granted asylum or refugee status in the U.S., you can typically apply for an EAD. This card allows you to work while you rebuild your life.

2. Applicants for Adjustment of Status
   If you’re applying for a green card (permanent residency), you can apply for an Employment Authorization Document while waiting for your application to be reviewed. This allows you to work legally during the process.

3. Nonimmigrant Visa Holders
   Certain visa holders, such as those on F-1 student visas, may apply for an Employment Authorization Document under specific conditions, like Optional Practical Training (OPT) or Economic Hardship.

4. Deferred Action Recipients
   If you’ve been granted Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) or Temporary Protected Status (TPS), you’ll likely need an EAD to work legally.

5. Special Cases
   Other situations, like applying for U visas (for crime victims) or T visas (for trafficking victims), may also require an EAD.

If you’re unsure whether you need an Employment Authorization Document, consult an immigration attorney or a reliable legal resource.

How to Apply for an Employment Authorization Document

Applying for an Employment Authorization Document involves several steps. Here’s what you need to do:

1. Complete Form I-765
   The Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization. You can download it from the USCIS website.

2. Gather Supporting Documents
   You’ll need to provide documents proving your identity and eligibility for an EAD. These may include a copy of your current visa, your I-94 travel record, or evidence of a pending green card application.

3. Pay the Filing Fee
   The fee for Form I-765 depends on your immigration status. Some categories are exempt from fees, while others must pay. Fee waivers are also available in certain cases.

4. Submit Your Application
   Once you’ve completed Form I-765 and collected the necessary documents, mail your application to the correct USCIS address. Be sure to double-check the instructions to avoid delays.

5. Wait for Processing
   After submitting your application, USCIS will process it. This can take several weeks or even months, depending on your case. You’ll receive a receipt notice and, eventually, your EAD in the mail.

What Happens After You Receive Your Employment Authorization Document?

Once you receive your EAD, you can use it to apply for jobs and work legally in the U.S. Employers might request to see your card to verify your eligibility to work. Keep the document safe, and if it’s about to expire, start the renewal process well in advance.

Why Is the Employment Authorization Document Important?

The EAD isn’t just a work permit—it’s a critical document for many immigrants. Here’s why it matters:

• Provides Legal Protection
  Working without authorization can result in serious consequences, including deportation. An EAD ensures you comply with U.S. laws.

• Expands Job Opportunities
  With an EAD, you can legally work for any employer, allowing you to explore jobs that align with your skills and career goals.

• Supports Financial Independence
  Being able to work legally with an Employment Authorization Document enables you to support yourself and your family while contributing to your community.

Common Questions About the Employment Authorization Document

1. How long does it take to get an Employment Authorization Document?
Processing times vary, but it typically takes 3–6 months. Some cases might take longer, so apply as early as possible.

2. Can I renew my Employment Authorization Document?
Yes, you can renew your EAD by filing a new Form I-765. It’s recommended to begin the renewal process about six months before your current card expires.

3. Do I need an EAD if I have a green card?
No, green card holders don’t need an EAD. Your green card serves as proof of work authorization.

4. What if my Employment Authorization Document application is denied?
If your application is denied, USCIS will provide a reason. You may have the option to appeal or reapply depending on your circumstances.

Tips for a Smooth Employment Authorization Document Application

• Review Your Form Carefully
  Mistakes on Form I-765 can delay the process. Double-check all details before submitting your application.

• Keep Copies for Your Records
  Always make copies of your application and supporting documents in case you need to reference them later.

• Monitor Your Application Status
  Use the USCIS online case tracker to check the progress of your Employment Authorization Document application.

Need Help With Your Employment Authorization Document?

Applying for an EAD can feel overwhelming, especially with all the paperwork and deadlines. If you’re unsure about your eligibility or the application process, getting help from an immigration attorney can make a big difference.

At AporduLaw, we specialize in assisting individuals with EAD applications. Whether it’s filing your paperwork or resolving issues, we’re here to guide you every step of the way.

By following the advice in this guide, you can navigate the EAd application process with confidence and work legally in the United States. Remember, you don’t have to face this alone—help is always available.